UGC NET Syllabus for Archaeology , Ph 078-380-239-56

UGC NET Archaeology Paper II and Paper III ( A ) [ Core Group ]
Unit – I

• Definition, aim and Scope of Archaeology, History and Growth of Archaeology, History of Indian Archaeology.
• Relationship of Archaeology with Social and Natural Sciences.
• Retrieval of Archaeological Data : Techniques of Explorations and Excavations.
• Aims and Methods of Conservation and preservation of Archaeological remains.
• Recording and Preparation of Reports.

Unit – II

• Chronology and Dating : Relative, Stratigraphy, Typology, Absolute, Carbon 14, Potassium Argon, Fission Track, Thermoluminescence, Dendrochronology, Pollen analysis, Varve clay analysis.
• Others – methods : Flourine test, nitrogen and phosphate analysis, soil analysis.
• Methods of Objective Interpretations : Ethno – archaeology, Experimental archaeology, Application of new archaeological methods in India.

Unit – III

• Geological Biological and Cultural Dimension of Man.
• Quaternary Period : Pleistocene and Holocene, Environment and Climatic Changes.
  
• Pleistocene Flora and Fauna, Main Stages of Human Evolution and important fossil records.
• Appearance of Stone Tools and Development of Technology : Main Techniques and Tools of Stone Age, Methods of study of prehistoric remains.

Unit – IV

• Hunting – Gathering Stage : Palaeolithic in Africa, Europe and South – East Asia, Mesolithic in Europe and West Asia; Palaeolithic and Mesolithic remains and important sites of India.
• Beginning of Food Production : Neolithic Stage in West Asia, Major neolithic cultures and important sites of India.

Unit – V

• Pre and early Harappan Village Cultures of North and North – Western India.
• Harappa Culture : Origin, extent, chronology, factors of urbanization, trade, script, religion, art and craft, factors for the decline.
• Devaluation of Harappa Culture : Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat.
• Chalcolithic village communities of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
• Copper using cultures of Gangetic plains.

Unit – VI

• Early occurrence of iron : Chrono – Cultural Features.
• Main Characteristics of the Cultures : Painted grey ware, Black slipped ware and Megalithic cultures.
• Northern Black polished ware culture : Extent, chronology, characteristics traits.
• Important city sites : Raj ghat, Ujjain, Vaisali, Taxila, Mathura, Sravasti, Kaushambi and Sishupalgarh.
• Important sites of historical period : Sringverapur, Khairadih, Satanikota, Chandraketugarh, Nasik, Arikamedu and Adam.

Unit – VII

• Architecture of Structural Stupas : North and South India.
• Rock – cut Architecture : Monastries and Shrines.
• Main styles of temples : Origin and development of temples, Main features and examples of Nagar, Vesara and Dravid styles.
• Main Styles of Sculptural Art : Mauryan, Sunga, Kushana, Gupta, Satvahana, Chalukya, Pallava and Chola periods.

Unit – VIII

• Origin and antiquity of coinage in India. Techniques of manufacturing coins.
• Important Coins : Punch – marked coins, inscribed and uninscribed caste coins; Principal types of Indo – Greek coinage; Saka and Kushan coinage; Principal types of Gupta Gold coinage; Brief account of pre – Islamic Medieval Indian coinage.

Unit – IX

• Origin and antiquity of writing in India : Origin of Brahmi and Kharasthi scripts, Study of some select inscriptions – Ashokan edicts, Besnagar Garuda pillar inscription; Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela, Junagarh inscription of Rudradaman, Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta, Aihole pillar inscription of Pulakesin II and Gwalior inscription of Mihira Bhoja.

Unit – X

• Proposed area of research; aims and objectives; proposed methodology; primary and secondary sources; review of previous researches in the proposed area, and likely contribution of the proposal.

UGC NET Archaeology Paper III ( B ) [ Elective / Optional ]
Elective – I

• Geo – Chronology and Stone Age Cultures of India : Sohan Valley; Belan Valley; Son Valley and Kortlayar Valley.
• Palaeolithic Cultures of India : Sohan and Acheulian traditions; Middle Palaeolithic cultures; Upper Palaeolithic cultures; Habitation tendencies of the Palaeolithic period.
• Patterns of Mesolithic Cultures of India : Characteristic features of alluvial plains; horse – shoe lake; sand – dune; plateau and rock shelter sites.
• Neolithic Cultures of India : Early farming communities of Baluchistan and Kashmir, Vindhya – Belan region, Kaimur Foot hills and Ganga plains, Chota Nagpur plateau and the North – East, and Pastoral communities of Deccan and South.

Elective – II

• Pre – Harappan Cultures of India and Border Lands : Salient features.
• Harappa Culture : Origin, Geographical Distribution and Settlement Patterns, Town Planning and Architecture, Trade – Hinterland and Overseas, Arts and Crafts, Material Equipment, Subsistence Pattern, Socio – Political Organization, Religion and Authorship; important excavated sites, concepts of Sorath and Sindhi Harappans in Gujarat
• Decline and Survival of Harappa Culture : Causes of de – urbanization, Late Harappa cultures of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat.
• Other Copper using Cultures : Copper Hoards and Ochre Coloured pottery, Ahar, Kayatha, Malwa and Deccan Chalcolithic cultures, Cultures of Gangetic Plains.

Elective – III

• Historical Urbanization : Northern Black polished Ware Culture, Extent, Chronology, Cultural traits.
• Important City Sites : Rajghat, Ujjain, Vaishali, Taxila, Mathura, Sravasti, Kaushambi, Sishupalgarh, Satanikota.
• Growth of urban settlements during Kushan Period : Plan and Expansion of Settlements and growth of trade centres; Main features of material culture.
• Excavated remains of Gupta and Early Medieval Periods : Nature of settlements and main features of material culture.

Elective – IV
Architecture :

• Structural features of ancient fortified settlements.
• Origin and evolution of Stupa architecture: Sanchi, Bharhut, Amaravati and Nagarjuna Konda.
• Development of Rock – cut Architecture : Chaityas and Viharas.
• Origin and evolution of temples; Gupta temples; Chalukyan temples; Pallava rathas and temples; Khajuraho temples; temples of Orissa and Chola temples.

Sculpture :

• Mauryan Capital figures; Early Yaksha Statue; Sunga Sculptures; Kaushana sculptures : Mathura and Gandhara schools; Gupta Sculptures: Sarnath School; Sculptures of Chalukyas; Pallavas; Palas; Chola and Chandellas.

Paintings :

• Rock – cut Cave Paintings of Ajanta and Bagh.

Elective – V
Epigraphy

• Epigraphy as a source of history, Origin of Indian Scripts : Different theories Study of select Epigraphs : Asokan Edicts; Rock Edicts X, XII, XIII; Lumbini inscriptions of Asoka; Minar Rock Edict of Bairat, Besnagar Garud Pillar inscription; Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela; Junagarh inscription of Rudradaman; Swat Relic casket inscription; Sarnath Buddha image inscription of the time of Kanishka I.
• Lucknow Museum Jain image inscription of the time of Huvishka ( 126 AD ); Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta; Aihole pillar inscription of Pulakesin II; Gwalior inscriptions of Mihira Bhoja; Tanjavaur inscription of Rajendra Chola and Sangli Copper plate of Govinda IV ( Swarn Varsha ).

Numismatics

• Origin and antiquity of coinage in ancient India. Metal and techniques used for coins.

Main Coin Types :

• Punch – marked Coins; inscribed and Uninscribed caste coins; Principal types of Indo – Greek Coinage; Coins of Saka, Kushan and Satvahana; Principal types of Gupta Gold coins; Roman coins; and brief account of pre – Islamic Medieval Indian coinage.

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